高中英语非谓语动词总结(非谓语动词用法全解)
定义
非谓语动词,又叫非限定动词,非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词,主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词),即动词的非谓语形式。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的其他成分。
非谓语动词在句中可作多种成分:
1.非谓语动词作主语
能作主语的非谓语动词有不定式和动名词。二者的区别是:表示某一具体的动作时,多用不定式;表示比较抽象的一般行为倾向时,多用动名词。动名词作主语时通常位于句首;不定式作主语时常置于句末,用it作形式主语放在句首。
eg. Smokingis prohibited here. (抽象)
eg. It is not very good for you to smokeso much. (具体)
注:
① 动名词或不定式都可以在句中作主语,但在下列句型中常用动名词作主语:
It is/was not use/good + doing sth.
It is/was not any use/good + doing sth.
It is/was of little use/good + doing sth.
It is/was useless + doing sth.
eg. It is no use cryingover spill milk.
eg. It is little goodstaying uptoo late every day.
② 若主语和表语都是非谓语动词,应保持形式上的一致:
eg. Seeing is believing. To see is to believe.
2.非谓语动词作宾语
不定式和动名词都可作动词或介词的宾语。
不定式:有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语,如:
want, hope, manage, promise, refuse, pretend, prefer, plan, offer, decide, agree, expect, fail, forget等。
动名词:有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语,如:
avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, keep, mind, miss, practise, suggest, mind, be worth, be busy, have fun, have trouble/difficulty(in), feel like, be used to, give up, can’t help, look forward to等。
常用词语记忆顺口溜:
完成练习值得忙(finish, practice, be worth, be busy)
继续习惯别放弃(keep, be used to, give up)
考虑建议不禁想(consider, suggest, can’t help, feel like)
喜欢思念要介意(enjoy, miss, mind)
eg. I can’t stand workingwith Jane in the same office. She just refuses to stoptalking while she works.
特殊情况:
①须用省去to 的不定式(do)作宾补的11个动词:
五看(see、watch、notice、observe、look at)
两听(hear、listen to)
三使(make、let、have)
一感觉(feel)
根据谐音记忆法,我们可以记做“吾看两厅三室一感觉”。
eg. I saw a big bird fly over the roof of the house yesterday.
注意:以上11个动词,也可以接现在分词和过去分词作宾补,但在时间和语态上会有变化,如:
see sb. do sth. 看到某人做了某事
see sb. doing sth. 看到某人正在做某事
see sb./sth. done 看到某人/某物被......
②既可接不定式也可接动名词,但含义完全不同的8个动词
remember to do sth. 记住要做某事(未做) remember doing sth. 记得做过某事(已做)
forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事(未做) forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事(已做)
regret to do sth. 遗憾要做某事(未做) regret doing sth. 后悔/抱歉做过某事(已做)
try to do sth. 努力做某事 try doing sth. 尝试做某事
mean to do sth. 计划做某事 mean doing sth. 意味着做某事
can’t help to do sth. 不能帮助做某事 can’t help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事
go on to do sth. 继续做另一件事 go on doing sth. 继续做同一件事
stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事 stop doing sth. 停下正在做的事情
3.非谓语动词作定语、状语、补语
表示动作尚未发生(表目的)——不定式
表示动作正在进行(表伴随)——动名词
表示被动、完成——过去分词
eg. The last one to arrive pays the meal.
eg. There are hundreds of visitors waiting in front of the Art Gallery to have a look at Van Gogh’s paintings.
注:受the first, the second… the last修饰的名词或代词后原则上要用不定式作定语。
非谓语动词用法总原则:
①凡是有被动意义时,原则上要用过去分词;
如果动作尚未发生,则用不定式的被动形式;
如果动作正在进行,则用动名词的被动形式。
②非谓语动词作状语时,原则上其逻辑主语与主句主语保持一致。
③强调动作发生在主句谓语动词动作之前,原则上要用完成式(不定式的完成式或分词的完成式)。
非谓语动词答题步骤:
1.分析句子结构,辨识“谓语与非谓语”
He had been toldmany times, buthe still couldn’t understand it.
Having been toldmany times, he still couldn’t understand it.
2.找逻辑主语,判断逻辑主语与非谓语是主动还是被动关系
一般说来,
非谓语动词作状语,逻辑主语就是句子的主语;
非谓语动词作宾补,逻辑主语是宾语;
非谓语动词作定语,逻辑主语是被修饰词
Seenfrom space, the earthlooks blue.
Seeingfrom space, wecan see the earth is blue.
3. 判断动作发生在主句谓语动作之前(用完成式)还是之后
The building being builtnowwill be a restaurant.
The building to be built next yearwill be a restaurant.
The building builtlast yearis a restaurant.