八上英语3单元知识点总结（句型、短语语法用法分析）

Unit 3 I'm more outgoing than my sister.

【重点单词】

①outgoing ['aʊtɡəʊɪŋ] adj. 外向的

②better ['betə(r)] adj. & adv.

(good和well的比较级) 较好的（地）；更好的（地）

③loudly ['laʊdli]

adv. 喧闹地，大声地；响亮地

④quietly ['kwaɪətli]

adv. 轻声地；轻柔地；安静地

⑤hard-working [ˌhɑː(r)d'wɜːkɪŋ]

adj. 工作努力的；辛勤的

⑥competition [ˌkɒmpə'tɪʃn], [ˌkɑːmpə'tɪʃn]

n. 比赛；竞赛；竞争

⑦fantastic [fæn'tæstɪk]

adj. 极好的；了不起的

which [wɪtʃ] pron. & adj. 哪一个；哪一些

⑧clearly ['klɪəli], ['klɪrli]

⑨adv. 清楚地；清晰地；明白的

win [wɪn] v. 获胜；赢；赢得

though [ðəʊ] adv. 不过；可是；然而 conj. 虽然；尽管；不过

talented ['tæləntɪd] adj. 有才能的；有才干的

truly ['truːli] adv. 真正；确实

care [keə] , [ker] v. 在意；担忧；关心

care about 关心；在意

⑩serious ['sɪəriəs], ['sɪriəs]

adj. 严肃的；稳重的

mirror ['mɪrə(r)] n. 镜子

kid [kɪd] n. 小孩；年轻人

as long as 只要；既然

necessary ['nesəsəri], ['nesəseri]

adj. 必需的；必要的

be different from

与······不同；与······有差异

both [bəʊθ] adj. & pron. 两个；两个都

bring out 使显现；使表现出

grade [greɪd] n. 成绩等级；评分等级

should [ʃʊd] , [ʃəd] modal v. 应该；应当；可以

the same as 和······相同；与······一致

saying ['seɪɪŋ] n. 谚语；格言；警句

reach [riːtʃ] v. 伸手；到达；抵达

hand [hænd] n. 手

touch [tʌtʃ] v. 感动；触摸

heart [hɑː(r)t] n. 内心；心脏

fact [fækt] n. 现实；事实

in fact 确切地说；事实上；实际上

break [breɪk] v. (broke [brəʊk]) （使）破；裂；碎；损坏

arm [ɑːm] n. 手臂；上肢

laugh [lɑːf], [læf] v. 笑；发笑 n. 笑声

share [ʃeə] , [ʃer] v. 分享，共享；共用；分摊

loud [laʊd] adj. 响亮的；大声的

similar ['sɪmələ(r)] adj. 相像的；类似的

be similar to 与······相像的；与······类似的

primary ['praɪməri], ['praɪmeri] adj. 最初的，最早的

primary school 小学

information [ˌɪnfə(r)'meɪʃn] n. 信息；消息

Tara ['tɑːrə], ['tærə] 塔拉（女名）

Sam [sæm] 萨姆（男名）

Nelly ['nelɪ] 内莉（女名）

Larry ['lærɪ] 拉里（男名）

【重点短语】

1. more outgoing 更外向/更开朗

2. as...as...与…… 一样

3. the singing competition 歌咏比赛

4. the most important 最重要的

5. be talented in music 在音乐方面有天赋

6. the same as 与……相同

7. care about 关心/留意/关注

8. be different from 与…...不同

9. be like a mirror 像一面镜子

10. as long as 只要；与…...一样长

11. bring out 显示/显出

12. get better grades 取得更好的成绩

13. reach for 伸手达到/达到

14. touch one’s heart 感动

15. in fact 事实上

16. make friends 交朋友

17. be good at 在某方面成绩好

18. the other 另一个

19. be similar to 与…相似

20. be good with 与…和睦相处

【重点句型】

1. Sam has longer hair than Tom.

= Sam’s hair is longer than Tom’s.

Sam 的头发比Tom的长。

2. I’m taller now than I was three years ago

= I was shorter three years ago than I am now.

现在的我比三年前更高。

3. I study harder now than I did one years ago.

现在的我比一年前学习更努力了。

4. I studied harder three years ago than I do now.三年前的我比现在学习更努力。

5. Who is smarter, your mother or your father?

谁更聪明，你的爸爸还是妈妈？

6. My mother told me a good friend is like a mirror.妈妈告诉我好朋友像一面镜子。

7. That’s why I like reading books.

那就是我为什么喜欢读书。

8. I think friends are like books —— you don’t need a lot of them as long as they’re good.

我认为朋友像书，只要是好的就不必需要太多。

9. I’m shy so it’s not easy for me to make friends.我很害羞，所以交朋友对于我来说不容易。

10. It’s not necessary to be the same.

没有必要一样。

11. I don’t really care if my friends are the same as me or different.

我不太关心朋友是否与我一样。

12. A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart.

真朋友在你需要时帮助你，打动你。

13. In fact, she’s funnier than anyone.

事实上，她比任何人都更幽默。

14. In what ways are you different?

你们在哪些方面不同？

15. Is he different from you in any way?

在某方面他与你不同吗？

【重点语法】

1. 形容词和副词的比较等级

（1）形容词和副词的原形就是原级

（2）比较级，表示较……或更……

（3）最高级， 表示最...。

2. 比较级句型:

（1）A + be动词+形容词的比较级+than +B “A比B更……”（注意：A与B必须是同级的，即必须是人与人，物与物进行对比）

（2）“A+实意动词+副词比较级+ than + B”表示“A比B…”

（3）比较A ，B两人/两事物问其中哪一个较…...时用句型：

“Who/which +谓语动词+ adj./adv.比较级，A or B ?”（谁更……，是A还是B？）

Who is thinner, Jenny or Mary?

3. 比较级的特殊用法

（1）“比较级+and+比较级”，意为“越来越”。多音节比较级用“more and more+原级”

His stories are getting more and more interesting

It's raining harder and harder

（2）“the+比较级(…), the+比较级(…)”意思是：”越…越…”

The more, the better.

The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you make.你越认真，你犯的错误就越少。

The harder you work, the luckier you will be.越努力越幸运。

The lazier you are, the worse your life will be.你越懒惰，生活就会越糟糕。

The harder you work and success will be closer to you.

（3）主+ is + the 形容词比较级+of the two+名复 “主语是两者中较......的”

4. 两者在某一方面相同：A+谓语动词/be动词+as+ adj./adv.原级+ as+ B.

Helen is as tall as Amy.

Peter studies as hard as Tom.

表示两者在某一方面不及另一方时，用“not as/so+形容词或副词原级+as”

I am not as tall as my sister.

5. 形容词，副词比较级前的修饰语。

当需要表示一方超过另一方的程度时，可以用much, a lot, a little, a bit, 等来修饰形容词比较级。注意: 比较级不能用very, so, too, quite等修饰。

【重点短语】

1. more outgoing 更外向/更开朗

2. as...as...与…… 一样

3. the singing competition 歌咏比赛

4. the most important 最重要的

5. be talented in music 在音乐方面有天赋

6. the same as 与……相同

7. care about 关心/留意/关注

8. be different from 与…...不同

9. be like a mirror 像一面镜子

10. as long as 只要；与…...一样长

11. bring out 显示/显出

12. get better grades 取得更好的成绩

13. reach for 伸手达到/达到

14. touch one’s heart 感动

15. in fact 事实上

16. make friends 交朋友

17. be good at 在某方面成绩好

18. the other 另一个

19. be similar to 与…相似

20. be good with 与…和睦相处

21. have fun=Have a good time 玩得开心

have fun doing sth 做某事很开心

22. do the same things as me.

做和我一样的事情

You should do the same things as me

23. It’s+adj+（for sb.）to do sth.

“做某事（对某人来说）是...的 ”

It's too easy for her to solve this math problem.

lt is too difficult for me to learn physics.

To learn physics is really too difficult for me.

24. make friends with sb. 与某人交朋友

I want to make friends with my new classmates.我想和新来的同学交朋友。

25. as long as 只要；既然，引导条件状语从句

【词语辨析】

1. be good at=do well in ，其后可接名词、代词或动名词，表示擅长......

Yao Ming is especially good at playing football.

2. care about 关心

care for 关爱

take care (当/小心)

take care of (照顾)=look after

3. make sb. do sth. ： 让(使)某人做某事（make后跟不带to的不定式）

Mother made me finish my homework on time

His father always make me get up before five o'clock.

make sb. +形容词：使某人保持某种状态

My mother always lets me do a lot of housework.

My friends always make me happy.

4.① be like“就像…”

I am like your sister.

②look like “外貌上的像 ”

I look like my sister.

Everyone says I look like my mother.

大家都说我长得像我妈妈.

5. That’s why+句子：那就是…的原因/那就是为什么…

That's why he can get good grades.

That's why I was late for school this morning.那就是我今天早上为什么上学迟到的原因.

That's why I study English hard.

那就是我努力学习英语的原因。

6. be different from 与……不同

反：be the same as 与…… 相同

My bike is different in color from his.

My sister and I are twins, but my character is different from my sister's.

My skirt is the same as Mary's.

7. though

① adv. 不过；可是；然而（句末补充说明使语气减弱）

② conj. 虽然；尽管=although，与but 不能同时用在一个句子中

He said he would come. He didn’t, though. 他说他要来，可是并没有来。

Though/Although he has been dead for many years, many people still remember him.尽管他已经去世很多年了，但很多人仍然记得他。

8. get better grades 取得更好的成绩

9. does(助动词do/did)，为了避免重复，可代替上文出现过的实意动词。

10. be good with sb. 与某人相处得好

11.win与beat：

(1) win强调赢得“比赛、游戏、战争”，获得“名次、奖品”。例如：

win a prize得奖 win a game赢得比赛

win an honor赢得荣誉 win a battle 赢得战斗

win a match赢得比赛 win a scholarship赢得奖学金

(2) beat强调“打败，战胜”，其后只能接比赛、竞争的对手，即beat只能接表示人的词语作宾语。例如：

beat a team 战胜/打败一队（组）

beat a nation战争/打败一个国家

beat an opponent战胜/打败一个对手

4. heavy 与thin

heavy和thin是一组意义相反的形容词， 都可用来描述人的体型。

①heavy意为“胖 的，笨重的”，比较级形式为heavier； thin意为“瘦的”，其比较级形式为thinner。例如：

He is very heavy, but his brother is thin. 他很胖，可他的哥哥却瘦。

【拓展】

heavy还可意为“重的；剧烈的；大的”等。例如：

heavy rain/snow/smoke大雨/大雪/浓烟

heavy smoker/drinker/eater烟瘾/酒瘾/食量大的人

have a heavy cold患重感冒

heavy(busy) traffic 交通拥挤

5. care about与care for

① care about意为“关心，在意”。例如：

She does not care about her husband at all.

她根本不关心她的丈夫。

Don't you care about our country’s future?

难道你不为我们国家的前途担忧吗?

I don’t care about money. 我不看重钱。

②care for意为“照顾，照料；想要；喜欢”。

Would you care for some more tea?

想再喝点茶吗?

The mother cared for the sick child day and night. 母亲日夜照料着生病的孩子。

I don’t care for riding on a bike very much;

I’d rather go on foot.

我不太喜欢骑自行车, 宁愿步行。

6. touch

(1)touch作动词，意为“感动；触摸”。例如：

Don’t touch the paint until it’s dry.

油漆未干,切勿触摸。

His sad story touched our hearts.

他的悲惨的故事深深打动了我们的心。

The peak seems to touch the sky.

山峰似乎已触及天空。

(2)touch作名词，意为“接触；联系”。例如：

The blind have a keen sense of touch.

盲人有敏锐的触觉。

They keep close touch with me.

他们和我保持密切联系。

8. reach

(1)reach作动词，意为“伸手；到达；抵达；取得联系”。例如：

He reached into his pocket to get his car keys.

他把手伸进口袋里拿车钥匙。

We reached the nearest railway station last night.

我们昨天晚上到达最近的火车站。

The garden reaches the lake.

花园一直延伸到湖边。

We tried to reach them by phone.

我们试着用电话跟他们联络。

(2)reach作名词，意为“范围”。例如：

The book is out of my reach. 那本书我够不到。